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Is Shakespeare Dead? (in English)
Twain, Mark
Synopsis "Is Shakespeare Dead? (in English)"
Is Shakespeare Dead? is a short, semi-autobiographical work by American humorist Mark Twain. It explores the controversy over the authorship of the Shakespearean literary canon via satire, anecdote, and extensive quotation of contemporary authors on the subject. It was published in April 1909 by Harper & Brothers, twelve months before Mark Twain's death. The book attracted controversy for incorporating a chapter from The Shakespeare Problem Restated by George Greenwood without permission or proper credit, an oversight Twain blamed on the accidental omission of a footnote by the printer. The book has been described as "one of his least well received and most misunderstood works." Although she admits that Twain appears to have been sincere in his beliefs concerning Shakespeare, Karen Lystra argues that the essay reveals satirical intentions that went beyond the Shakespeare-Bacon controversy of the time. Though it is commonly assumed to be nothing more than a stale and embarrassing rehash of the Shakespeare-Bacon controversy, Twain was up to something more than flimsy literary criticism. He was using the debate over Shakespeare's real identity to satirize prejudice, intolerance, and self-importance-in himself as well as others.... But after his passionate diatribe against the "Stratfordolators" and his vigorous support of the Baconians, he cheerfully admits that both sides are built on inference. Leaving no doubt about his satirical intent, Twain then gleefully subverts his entire argument. After seeming to be a serious, even angry, combatant, he denies that he intended to convince anyone that Shakespeare was not the real author of his works. "It would grieve me to know that any one could think so injuriously of me, so uncomplimentarily, so unadmiringly of me," he writes mockingly. "Would I be so soft as that, after having known the human race familiarly for nearly seventy-four years?" We get our beliefs at second hand, he explains, "we reason none of them out for ourselves. It is the way we are made." Twain has set a trap-an elaborate joke at the expense of what he scornfully refers to as the "Reasoning Race." He is satirizing the need to win an argument when it is virtually impossible to convince anyone to change sides in almost any debate. His excessive rhetoric of attack is obviously absurd-calling the other side "thugs," for example-yet it has been taken at face value.
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, más conocido como Mark Twain, ha pasado a la historia de la literatura gracias al ingenio, humor y picardía que destila su obra. A menudo considerado el Dickens estadounidense, Twain fue periodista, tipógrafo, escritor y, sobre todo, un aventurero incansable. Su sed de aventuras lo llevó en un largo periplo lleno de experiencias: fue aprendiz de piloto, buscó fortuna en las minas de plata, recorrió el mundo dando conferencias y fue nombrado doctor honoris causa por la universidad de Oxford. Todo ello lo inspiró para empezar a escribir pequeños cuadernos de viaje que publicaba en la prensa. Se calcula que llegó a escribir más de 500 obras, entre las que destacan _Las aventuras de Huckelberry Finn_ y _Las aventuras de Tom Sawyer_: dos novelas en las que Twain evoca una infancia inocente y feliz, en la que brillan la ilusión y la rebeldía que preceden a la edad adulta. Mark Twain nació durante una de las apariciones del cometa Halley, y predijo que “se marcharía con él”. Efectivamente, el autor nos dejó el 21 de abril de 1910, a la estela de una nueva visita del cometa.
