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Richard II (in English)
Shakespeare, William
Synopsis "Richard II (in English)"
The play spans only the last two years of Richard's life, from 1398 to 1400. The first Act begins with King Richard sitting majestically on his throne in full state, having been requested to arbitrate a dispute between Thomas Mowbray and Richard's cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, later Henry IV, who has accused Mowbray of squandering money given to him by Richard for the king's soldiers and of murdering Bolingbroke's uncle, the Duke of Gloucester. Bolingbroke's father, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, meanwhile, believes it was Richard himself who was responsible for his brother's murder. After several attempts to calm both men, Richard acquiesces and it is determined that the matter be resolved in the established method of trial by battle between Bolingbroke and Mowbray, despite the objections of Gaunt. The tournament scene is very formal with a long, ceremonial introduction, but as the combatants are about to fight, Richard interrupts and sentences both to banishment from England. Bolingbroke is originally sentenced to ten years' banishment, but Richard reduces this to six years upon seeing John of Gaunt's grieving face, while Mowbray is banished permanently. The king's decision can be seen as the first mistake in a series leading eventually to his overthrow and death, since it is an error which highlights many of his character flaws, displaying as it does indecisiveness (in terms of whether to allow the duel to go ahead), abruptness (Richard waits until the last possible moment to cancel the duel), and arbitrariness (there is no apparent reason why Bolingbroke should be allowed to return and Mowbray not). In addition, the decision fails to dispel the suspicions surrounding Richard's involvement in the death of the Duke of Gloucester - in fact, by handling the situation so high-handedly and offering no coherent explanation for his reasoning, Richard only manages to appear more guilty. Mowbray predicts that the king will sooner or later fall at the hands of Bolingbroke.
William Shakespeare (Stratford-upon-Avon, c. 23 de abril de 1564jul. - Ibídem, 23 de abril/3 de mayo de 1616) fue un dramaturgo, poeta y actor inglés. Conocido en ocasiones como el Bardo de Avon (o simplemente el Bardo), se le considera el escritor más importante en lengua inglesa y uno de los más célebres de la literatura universal.
Según la Encyclopædia Britannica, «Shakespeare es generalmente reconocido como el más grande de los escritores de todos los tiempos, figura única en la historia de la literatura. La fama de otros poetas, tales como Homero y Dante Alighieri, o de novelistas tales como León Tolstoy o Charles Dickens, ha trascendido las barreras nacionales, pero ninguno de ellos ha llegado a alcanzar la reputación de Shakespeare, cuyas obras hoy se leen y representan con mayor frecuencia y en más países que nunca. La profecía de uno de sus grandes contemporáneos, Ben Jonson, se ha cumplido por tanto: "Shakespeare no pertenece a una sola época sino a la eternidad"».
